EXPLAINER
PRaG therapy.Read the evidence.
PD-1 inhibition, radiotherapy and GM-CSF. A closer look at the original phase II study, its findings and the questions still open.
Read the analysis
RESEARCH FOCUS PRaGLiterature reviewed through Oct 2, 2026
Observational analysis
PRaG in older adults: a 36-patient retrospective study
This retrospective series examines feasibility in older adults, a group often underrepresented in trials.
Observational analysis
Comparing combination therapies in MSS colorectal cancer
An observational comparison examined three checkpoint-inhibitor-based strategies in MSS/pMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.
Clinical study
The original PRaG phase II study: results in 54 patients
The foundational phase II report investigated whether the PRaG triplet could produce responses in previously treated metastatic cancer.
Research in figures
From the original publications
2022 · PHASE II STUDY
Responses beyond the irradiated sites
Each bar represents one response-evaluable patient. Bars below zero show shrinkage of nonirradiated target lesions; bars above zero show growth. Both responses and progression are visible. CR, PR, SD and PD denote the authors’ response categories; this uncontrolled study cannot establish superiority over another treatment.
© 2022 Kong et al. · Original figure 3 · CC BY 4.0
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2024 · CASE REPORT
A case followed across successive scans
Read each row across the four scan dates. The authors show early regression, including at nonirradiated sites, followed by later progression. The complete sequence matters: one favorable scan is not the whole disease course. This is a single gastric-cancer case treated with a PRaG-derived combination including RC48.
© 2024 Liu, Wang, Zhang, Lu and Yang · Original figure 3 · CC BY 4.0
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53 publication records · English and Chinese
Analysis & perspectives
View all →PERSPECTIVE
From individual stories to clinical evidence
Why promising case reports matter—and why they need careful interpretation.
PERSPECTIVE
A protocol is a question, not an answer
How to navigate the growing family of PRaG research programs.
PERSPECTIVE
Reading the first PRaG phase II study
What a 54-patient study can tell us—and the questions it leaves open.
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About our coverage
This independent resource brings together published research and trial records. Each report links to its sources and distinguishes results, protocols and individual cases.
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