Case Report: PRaG 3.0 therapy for advanced cervical cancer with severe comorbidities
A trial-enrolled case documents treatment after relief of malignant urinary obstruction.
Frontiers in Oncology↗
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Safety and efficacy of PRaG therapy in elderly cancer patients
This retrospective series examines feasibility in older adults, a group often underrepresented in trials.
Immunotherapy advances↗
Efficacy and immune characteristics of a PRaG-based regimen in advanced refractory solid tumors
A prospective Bengbu cohort examined a stereotactic radiotherapy-based PRaG approach and peripheral immune changes.
Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志↗
Radiotherapy with PD-1 inhibition followed by GM-CSF and IL-2 in advanced malignancies: a clinical study
A prospective cohort from Guangxi Medical University reports outcomes after previous treatment failure.
中华放射肿瘤学杂志↗
PRaG 5.0: Personalized thymosin alpha-1 and radioimmunotherapy for advanced refractory solid tumors—Data from an expanded cohort.
An updated conference report distinguishes screening, treatment and response-analysis populations.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
Endostar combined with PD-1 blockade, radiotherapy, GM-CSF, and IL-2 (PRaG 2.0E) for refractory non-small cell lung cancer: a single-arm, phase II clinical trial (PRaG2.0E Study Protocol)
The protocol adds recombinant human endostatin to PRaG 2.0 to investigate an anti-angiogenic combination.
Translational lung cancer research↗
PRaG5.0 combined with chemotherapy and sequential chemoimmunotherapy for massive SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor of the cervix: case report
This report combines PRaG 5.0 with chemotherapy and subsequent chemoimmunotherapy.
Frontiers in immunology↗
PD-1 Inhibitor and GM-CSF in Oligometastatic Gallbladder Adenosquamous Carcinoma: A Case Report
An elderly patient's course adds related evidence on focal radiation combined with systemic immune treatment.
Diseases & Research↗
CXCR5+ monocyte emigration impairs the radiation-induced antitumor immune response
This mechanistic study illustrates that radiation-associated myeloid responses can also suppress antitumor immunity.
Nature communications↗
Evaluation of RC48-ADC in Combination with PRaG Regimen: An Open-Label, Prospective, Multicentre Study Assessing Efficacy and Safety for Advanced Refractory HER2-Expressing Solid Tumors (PRaG3.0 Study Protocol)
This protocol examines an antibody–drug conjugate alongside radioimmunotherapy and cytokine support.
Technology in cancer research & treatment↗
Dynamic circulating biomarkers for predicting adverse events in PRaG therapy: a pooled analysis and model construction from PRaG series clinical trials
A pooled analysis studied whether circulating immune markers could help identify patients at risk of moderate-to-severe adverse events.
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII↗
Case Report: Pathologic complete response to PRaG therapy in an elderly patient with refractory metastatic gastric cancer
A Guangxi report explored PRaG following progression on previous systemic treatments.
Frontiers in oncology↗
Efficacy and Safety of PRaG Therapy in Elderly Patients with Advanced Malignant Tumors: A Prospective, Multicenter Clinical Study Protocol (PRaG 9.0 Study)
The protocol addresses the underrepresentation of very old adults in immunotherapy trials.
Technology in cancer research & treatment↗
Long-term survival in a patient with leptomeningeal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): a case report
A Wuxi–Shanghai report described a prolonged response after combined local and systemic treatment.
Translational cancer research↗
A Phase I/II Study Protocol of a Novel Neoadjuvant 'PRaG' Regimen (Radiotherapy, GM-CSF, and Cadonilimab) with AG Chemotherapy to Improve Resectability in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The NeoPRAG Study
NeoPRAG explores a neoadjuvant strategy intended to improve the possibility of surgical resection.
Technology in cancer research & treatment↗
Efficacy of PRaG therapy in microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based combination therapies
An observational comparison examined three checkpoint-inhibitor-based strategies in MSS/pMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII↗
PRaG Therapy for Advanced Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Abscopal Effects: A Case Report
A report from Taixing follows irradiated and non-irradiated lesions after the PRaG triplet.
Diseases & Research↗
Novel dynamic circulating biomarkers for predicting therapeutic efficacy of PRaG regimen in advanced refractory solid tumors.
A translational analysis uses serial blood measurements to explore prediction of disease progression.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
Antitumor effect of PRaG therapy in a triple-negative breast cancer model.
A mouse study investigates immune-cell requirements for local and distant tumor control.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
PD-1 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy and GM-CSF, sequentially followed by IL-2 regimen in advanced refractory solid tumors: a prospective, multicenter clinical trial.
An ASCO abstract reports an updated PRaG 2.0 cohort with IL-2 added to the original triplet.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
Thymosin alpha-1–enhanced PRaG regimen: A novel approach to boosting immune dynamics and therapeutic efficacy in advanced solid tumors.
A larger interim cohort adds response and immune-profiling findings to the same registered study.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
MRD-Guided PRaG 3.0 Therapy for HER-2 Positive Cervical Adenocarcinoma: A Case of Complete Remission
A cervical adenocarcinoma case combines imaging follow-up with circulating tumor DNA monitoring.
Diseases & Research↗
Denosumab combined with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report
The report explored RANKL inhibition with PRaG in a patient unable to continue chemotherapy.
World journal of clinical oncology↗
The Anti-tumor Effect and Immunological Cell Changes of PRaG Therapy in Colon Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis of Mice
A controlled mouse experiment connects tumor control with changes in circulating immune cells.
Diseases & Research↗
Hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with a PD-1 inhibitor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and thymosin-α1 in advanced metastatic solid tumors: a multicenter Phase II clinical trial
An independent multicenter study examined a related four-component radioimmunotherapy strategy.
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII↗
Mechanistic Study of the Anti-Tumor Effects of PRaG Therapy in a Mouse Colorectal Cancer Tumor Model
Cell-depletion experiments probe which immune cells mediate the experimental response.
International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics↗
PD-1 inhibitor combined with SBRT, GM-CSF, and thymosin alpha-1 in metastatic breast cancer: A case report and literature review
A Jiangsu case report described irradiated and nonirradiated tumor responses under a four-component regimen.
Medicine↗
Phase I/II Clinical Study of PRaG Regimen Combined With Intraperitoneal Infusion of PD-1 Inhibitor for Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors With Cancerous Ascites (PRaG4.0P Study)
The publication proposes adding intraperitoneal serplulimab to a PRaG-based regimen.
Technology in cancer research & treatment↗
Application of Immunoenhancing Radiotherapy in Treating Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report
Related background evidence examines radiation and an immune adjuvant without checkpoint inhibition.
Diseases & Research↗
A precise thymalfasin-regulated PRaG regimen for advanced refractory solid tumors: An open-label, prospective, multicenter clinical study (PRaG 5.0 study).
An early cohort explores immune monitoring during individualized thymalfasin treatment.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
Study on the anti-tumor effect of PRaG therapy in colon cancer tumor model
A Chinese-language preprint investigates local and distant immune effects in a bilateral tumor model.
中国科技论文在线↗
Clinical efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced metastatic solid tumors
A Chinese-language prospective report evaluates radiation and checkpoint inhibition with sequential GM-CSF and IL-2.
实用临床医药杂志↗
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a precise thymalfasin-regulated PRaG regimen for advanced refractory solid tumours: protocol for the open-label, prospective, multicentre study (PRaG5.0 study)
The protocol examines whether thymalfasin adjusted to immune status can support a PRaG-based regimen.
BMJ open↗
PRaG 3.0 therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A case report
This case combined RC48, radiotherapy, checkpoint inhibition and cytokines after earlier treatment failed.
World journal of gastroenterology↗
Combination treatment with anti-HER2 therapeutic antibody RC48, PD-1 inhibitor, radiotherapy, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patient with metastatic gastric cancer: a case report
A Xi’an report explored the antibody–drug conjugate RC48 alongside PRaG after prior trastuzumab-based treatment.
Frontiers in immunology↗
Case report: Interstitial implantation radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and GM-CSF in oligometastatic platinum-resistant ovarian cancer
A Sichuan collaboration explored a PRaG-related approach using interstitial implantation radiotherapy.
Frontiers in immunology↗
Case Report: Multidisciplinary management of primary inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma: a comprehensive case study
This report places PRaG within a complex sequence of surgery and systemic treatments.
Frontiers in oncology↗
Impact of PRaG Therapy on Immune Microenvironment of Bilateral Subcutaneous Tumor Model of Colon Cancer
The experiment follows immune-cell changes outside the irradiated tumor.
International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics↗
Impact of PRaG Therapy on Peripheral Immune Cells of Subcutaneous Tumor Peritoneal Metastasis Model of Colon Cancer
A conference report examines blood immune-cell populations in a peritoneal-metastasis model.
International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics↗
PRaG 2.0: the 2023 ASTRO conference report
An early conference update of PRaG 2.0, which adds sequential IL-2 to the original triplet.
International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics↗
PRaG 2.0: the 2023 ASCO interim report
An early conference update of PRaG 2.0, which adds sequential IL-2 to the original triplet.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
A multicenter, phase II trial of RC48-ADC combined with radiotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, GM-CSF, and sequential IL-2 (PRaG3.0 regimen) for salvage therapy in patients with HER2-expressing advanced solid tumors.
An interim report examines an antibody–drug conjugate within a PRaG-derived combination.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
Study of effect of PRaG therapy in colon cancer transplanted tumor mouse model
An early Chinese preprint describes a colon-cancer peritoneal-metastasis model.
中国科技论文在线↗
PD-1 inhibitor combined with radiotherapy and GM-CSF in MSS/pMMR metastatic colon cancer: a case report
A case report explored the triplet in a tumor subtype usually resistant to checkpoint-inhibitor monotherapy.
Frontiers in oncology↗
Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy combined with stereotactic body radiation therapy and GM-CSF for the treatment of advanced malignant PEComa: A case report
The report explored a related triplet for a rare mesenchymal tumor with limited established treatment options.
Frontiers in oncology↗
PD-1 Inhibitor Combined With Radiotherapy and GM-CSF (PRaG) in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors: An Open-Label Phase II Study
The foundational phase II report investigated whether the PRaG triplet could produce responses in previously treated metastatic cancer.
Frontiers in immunology↗
PRaG Therapy of Refractory Metastatic Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
This case explored PRaG after several prior systemic treatments.
Frontiers in immunology↗
The response of PD-1 inhibitor combined with Radiotherapy and GM-CSF(PRaG) with or without IL-2 in microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of pooled data from two phase II trials.
A pooled subgroup analysis describes microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer within the early PRaG trials.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
A prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial of PD-1 inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy and GM-CSF, sequentially followed by IL-2 (PRaG 2.0) therapy in advanced refractory solid tumors.
An early analysis introduces sequential cytokine support within the registered multicenter trial.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
An open-label, multicenter, phase II study of RC48-ADC combined with radiotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor sequential GM-CSF and IL-2 for salvage therapy in patients with HER2-expressing advanced solid tumors(PRaG3.0).
The first small cohort provides an early clinical signal for the combination with disitamab vedotin.
Journal of Clinical Oncology↗
Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and GM-CSF as Salvage Therapy in a PD-L1-Positive Patient With Refractory Metastatic Thyroid Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
A Wuhan case report examined PD-1 inhibition, SBRT and GM-CSF in a rare thyroid cancer.
Frontiers in oncology↗
Sintilimab, stereotactic body radiotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor as second-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: safety run-in results of a multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial
SWORD independently evaluated a related radiotherapy–immunotherapy–cytokine combination in a multicenter phase II program.
Radiation oncology (London, England)↗
Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and GM-CSF as Salvage Therapy in a PD-L1-Negative Patient With Refractory Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
An early report from Suzhou explored the three-component approach after previous treatment had failed.
Frontiers in oncology↗
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